Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice herbal extract: What It Is, Benefits, Dosage, and Sources

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) herbal extract is a modified form of the licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) that has been processed to remove glycyrrhizin, its primary active compound. This alteration is significant because while glycyrrhizin is responsible for many of licorice's traditional medicinal properties, it can also lead to adverse effects, particularly related to blood pressure and electrolyte balance, when consumed in significant amounts over time. By removing glycyrrhizin, DGL aims to retain the beneficial aspects of licorice, especially those related to digestive health, while mitigating the potential risks. This article explores what DGL is, its purported benefits, typical dosages, and where it can be sourced.

Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) for Acid Reflux: Is It Safe?

Many people turn to DGL as a natural option for managing acid reflux and heartburn. The safety of DGL for this purpose largely stems from the removal of glycyrrhizin. Regular licorice, rich in glycyrrhizin, can cause pseudoaldosteronism, a condition mimicking excess aldosterone, leading to increased blood pressure, potassium depletion, and fluid retention. These side effects make standard licorice extract unsuitable for long-term or high-dose use, especially for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.

DGL, however, bypasses these concerns. Its mechanism of action for acid reflux is thought to involve stimulating the production of mucin, a protective component of the stomach lining. It may also enhance the lifespan of intestinal cells, contributing to a stronger mucosal barrier against stomach acid. Unlike antacids that neutralize stomach acid or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that reduce acid production, DGL is believed to work by strengthening the body's natural defenses in the esophagus and stomach.

For example, a person experiencing occasional heartburn might find relief by chewing DGL tablets before meals. The chewing action is often recommended as it allows the DGL to mix with saliva, creating a protective compound that coats the esophagus and stomach more effectively. This localized action is crucial for its proposed benefits in healing and protecting the mucosal lining. While generally considered safe, individuals with severe or chronic acid reflux should consult a healthcare professional to rule out more serious underlying conditions.

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) - PMC for what is deglycyrrhizinated licorice herbal extract

Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice, is a perennial herb native to Southern Europe and parts of Asia. Its roots have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine systems, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, for a wide range of ailments. The plant's name itself, Glycyrrhiza, means "sweet root" in Greek, reflecting its distinctive flavor.

The primary active compound in licorice root is glycyrrhizin (also known as glycyrrhizinic acid), which is 50 times sweeter than sugar and responsible for the characteristic taste. Beyond its sweetness, glycyrrhizin possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. However, its structural similarity to corticosteroids means it can interfere with cortisol metabolism, leading to the aforementioned side effects when taken in its unmodified form.

The development of DGL represents a targeted approach to harnessing licorice's benefits while avoiding its drawbacks. The deglycyrrhizination process involves extracting the glycyrrhizin, resulting in an extract that retains other beneficial compounds found in licorice, such as flavonoids. These flavonoids are thought to contribute to DGL's gastroprotective effects through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

Consider the historical context: ancient cultures valued licorice for its soothing properties on the digestive tract and respiratory system. Modern science, through the creation of DGL, attempts to refine this ancient wisdom, making it safer for specific applications. The separation of glycyrrhizin allows for a more focused therapeutic use, particularly for conditions where the soothing and protective aspects of licorice are desired without the systemic effects of glycyrrhizin.

DGL Supplements: The Digestive Health of Licorice Root ... for what is deglycyrrhizinated licorice herbal extract

DGL supplements are primarily marketed for their benefits to digestive health. The focus is often on conditions like heartburn, acid reflux, gastritis, and peptic ulcers. The proposed mechanism involves enhancing the integrity of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal barrier. This barrier is a critical line of defense against stomach acid, digestive enzymes, and ingested pathogens. When compromised, it can lead to inflammation, pain, and ulcer formation.

DGL is thought to achieve this by:

• Stimulating Mucin Production: Mucin is a glycoprotein that forms a gel-like layer protecting the stomach and esophageal lining. DGL is believed to encourage the secretion of more mucin, thereby strengthening this protective barrier.
• Promoting Cell Regeneration: It may support the growth and repair of cells lining the GI tract, helping to heal existing damage and maintain a robust barrier.
• Inhibiting Helicobacter pylori Growth: Some research suggests DGL may have mild anti-bacterial properties against H. pylori, a bacterium implicated in gastritis and peptic ulcers. While not a standalone treatment, it might play a supportive role.
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: The flavonoids in DGL may exert localized anti-inflammatory effects within the GI tract, reducing irritation and discomfort.

When considering DGL as a supplement, it's important to understand that it is not a direct antacid. Instead, it aims to support the body's natural healing and protective mechanisms. For someone dealing with occasional indigestion, a DGL supplement might be a preferred option over conventional antacids if they are seeking a more natural approach to strengthen their digestive lining rather than merely neutralizing acid. The form of the supplement often matters; chewable tablets are frequently recommended because they allow the DGL to mix with saliva and coat the esophageal and stomach lining directly.

DGL for acid reflux: Benefits, risks, and other options for what is deglycyrrhizinated licorice herbal extract

The benefits of DGL for acid reflux primarily revolve around its ability to bolster the mucosal defenses of the esophagus and stomach. This differs from many conventional acid reflux treatments that either neutralize acid (antacids) or reduce acid production (H2 blockers, PPIs).

Benefits:

• Mucosal Protection: As discussed, DGL helps increase the production of mucin and may promote the growth of protective cells, forming a stronger barrier against stomach acid.
• Soothing Effect: It can provide a soothing effect on irritated tissues in the esophagus and stomach.
• Non-Systemic Action: Because glycyrrhizin is removed, DGL does not typically cause the systemic side effects associated with regular licorice, such as elevated blood pressure or potassium imbalance.
• Support for Ulcer Healing: By strengthening the mucosal barrier, DGL may aid in the healing of peptic ulcers.

Risks:

Generally, DGL is considered safe for most individuals when used appropriately. However, some potential considerations include:

• Allergic Reactions: As with any herbal supplement, allergic reactions are possible, though rare.
• Interactions: While less likely than with full licorice extract, DGL could potentially interact with certain medications. It's always prudent to discuss supplement use with a healthcare provider, especially if you are on prescription drugs.
• Effectiveness Varies: The effectiveness of DGL can vary between individuals and depends on the severity and cause of the acid reflux.

Other Options for Acid Reflux:

When comparing DGL to other options, it's useful to see where it fits in the spectrum of treatments:

DGL often appeals to those looking for a complementary or alternative approach that supports natural body functions rather than directly suppressing symptoms. It's important to note that DGL is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment of severe GI conditions.

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice for what is deglycyrrhizinated licorice herbal extract

To reiterate, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is licorice root from which glycyrrhizin has been removed. This processing is key to understanding its therapeutic profile. Glycyrrhizin, the triterpene saponin responsible for the sweet taste and many of the traditional medicinal uses of licorice, is also the compound linked to its most significant side effects. These side effects, collectively known as pseudoaldosteronism, include:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure): Glycyrrhizin inhibits the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which normally inactivates cortisol in the kidneys. This leads to increased cortisol levels in certain tissues, mimicking the effects of aldosterone and causing sodium retention and potassium excretion.
• Hypokalemia (low potassium): A direct consequence of increased potassium excretion.
• Fluid retention and edema: Resulting from sodium retention.

By removing glycyrrhizin, DGL retains the beneficial flavonoids and other compounds that contribute to its gastroprotective and soothing properties, while eliminating the risk of these endocrine-related side effects. This makes DGL a safer option for long-term use, especially for individuals concerned about blood pressure or those who are already on medications for cardiovascular conditions.

The process of creating DGL involves extracting the active compounds from licorice root, then specifically isolating and removing the glycyrrhizin. The resulting extract is then dried and typically prepared into powders, capsules, or chewable tablets. This targeted modification is a prime example of how traditional herbal remedies can be refined through scientific understanding to enhance safety and efficacy for specific applications.

Licorice - Uses, Side Effects, and More for what is deglycyrrhizinated licorice herbal extract

Licorice, in its unpurified form, has a long history of diverse applications beyond just digestive health. Historically, it has been used for:

• Respiratory Conditions: As an expectorant and demulcent, it was used to soothe coughs, sore throats, and bronchitis.
• Adrenal Support: Due to glycyrrhizin's influence on cortisol, it was sometimes used to support adrenal function, though this use requires careful medical supervision.
• Anti-inflammatory Agent: Its anti-inflammatory properties were utilized for various inflammatory conditions.
• Antiviral and Antimicrobial: Traditional uses included fighting infections.

However, the "side effects and more" aspect is where the distinction from DGL becomes crucial. The side effects of unmodified licorice are primarily due to glycyrrhizin and include:

• Cardiovascular Issues: High blood pressure, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias), and fluid retention.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia).
• Muscle Weakness: A symptom of severe hypokalemia.
• Headache and Lethargy: Can be associated with electrolyte disturbances.
• Interactions with Medications: Especially blood pressure medications, diuretics, corticosteroids, and digoxina.

This is precisely why DGL was developed. For someone seeking the gastroprotective benefits of licorice without the systemic risks of glycyrrhizin, DGL is the appropriate choice. If the goal is to leverage glycyrrhizin's specific properties for other conditions (e.g., adrenal support), it should only be done under strict medical guidance, with careful monitoring of blood pressure and potassium levels.

Natural Sources of Licorice (and by extension, DGL):

The primary natural source for both licorice and DGL is the root of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant. This root is harvested, processed, and then either used as a whole extract (for traditional licorice) or further processed to remove glycyrrhizin (for DGL).

While licorice root itself is a natural product, DGL is a processed extract. Therefore, you won't find DGL naturally occurring in its deglycyrrhizinated state in whole foods. Instead, it is available as a supplement in various forms:

• Chewable Tablets: Often recommended for digestive issues as the chewing mixes DGL with saliva, allowing it to coat the esophagus and stomach.
• Capsules/Tablets: Convenient for general supplementation.
• Powders: Can be mixed into liquids or food.

When sourcing DGL, look for reputable brands that clearly state the product is "deglycyrrhizinated." Quality control and purity can vary between manufacturers, so choosing trusted sources is important.

FAQ

Who should not take deglycyrrhizinated licorice?

While generally safe, individuals with rare allergies to licorice should avoid DGL. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their healthcare provider before using DGL, as should individuals taking medications that could potentially interact, although interactions are less common with DGL than with full licorice extract. If you have a serious underlying medical condition, especially a digestive disorder, it's always best to speak with a doctor before starting any new supplement.

What does deglycyrrhizinated licorice do for you?

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) primarily supports digestive health. It is believed to strengthen the protective mucosal lining of the esophagus and stomach, increase mucin production, and promote the healing of damaged tissues in the gastrointestinal tract. This can help alleviate symptoms of heartburn, acid reflux, gastritis, and peptic ulcers. It provides these benefits without the blood pressure-raising and potassium-depleting side effects associated with the glycyrrhizin found in regular licorice.

Does deglycyrrhizinated licorice work for GERD?

Many individuals report that DGL helps manage symptoms of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) and acid reflux. Its proposed mechanism of action, which involves strengthening the esophageal and stomach lining, offers a different approach compared to acid-suppressing medications. While anecdotal evidence and some preliminary studies are promising, DGL is often considered a complementary therapy rather than a primary treatment for severe or chronic GERD. Its effectiveness can vary, and it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a comprehensive treatment plan for GERD.

Conclusion

A more grounded way to view this licorice (DGL) herbal extract represents a targeted application of traditional herbal medicine, refined through modern understanding. By removing glycyrrhizin, DGL offers the gastroprotective benefits of licorice root – primarily its ability to strengthen the digestive mucosal barrier – without the associated risks of elevated blood pressure and electrolyte imbalance. It serves as a popular natural option for individuals seeking relief from acid reflux, heartburn, and other forms of digestive discomfort, working to support the body's natural defenses rather than simply suppressing symptoms. While generally well-tolerated, it is always prudent to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating DGL or any new supplement into your regimen, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking other medications.