Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract: What It Is, Benefits, Dosage, and Sources

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract, commonly known as DGL, is a modified form of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) from which glycyrrhizin, its primary active compound, has been largely removed. This modification is crucial because while whole licorice root has a long history of use in traditional medicine, the glycyrrhizin it contains can lead to significant side effects, particularly when consumed in large quantities or over extended periods. DGL was developed to harness the beneficial properties of licorice for digestive health, specifically for conditions like acid reflux and ulcers, without the associated risks of glycyrrhizin.

The process of deglycyrrhizination isolates other beneficial flavonoids and compounds present in licorice root, which are believed to contribute to its soothing and protective effects on the gastrointestinal lining. This makes DGL a distinct product from standard licorice root, offering a different safety profile and therapeutic application.

Understanding Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) and Its Derivatives

Glycyrrhiza glabra, or licorice, is a perennial herb native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. Its root has been used for thousands of years in various traditional medicinal systems, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine, for its purported anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and digestive properties. The characteristic sweet taste of licorice comes primarily from glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin that is 50 times sweeter than sugar.

While glycyrrhizin offers some therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory effects and potential antiviral activity, its impact on the body's endocrine system can be problematic. Glycyrrhizin can inhibit an enzyme called 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which is responsible for inactivating cortisol in the kidneys. This inhibition can lead to elevated cortisol levels, mimicking the effects of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The result can be pseudoaldosteronism, characterized by high blood pressure, low potassium levels (hypokalemia), and fluid retention.

Because of these potential side effects, researchers sought a way to retain the digestive benefits of licorice while removing the problematic compound. This led to the creation of deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL). In DGL, the glycyrrhizin content is typically reduced to less than 1% of the total extract, effectively minimizing the risk of adverse effects associated with whole licorice root. The remaining compounds, including various flavonoids and polysaccharides, are believed to provide the gastroprotective and soothing properties for which DGL is used.

DGL Supplements: The Digestive Health of Licorice Root Without the Drawbacks

DGL supplements are primarily utilized for their potential to support digestive health, particularly in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The prevailing theory behind DGL's mechanism of action is its ability to stimulate the natural defense mechanisms of the stomach and esophagus. It is thought to encourage the production of protective mucus, which forms a barrier against stomach acid. Additionally, DGL may promote the growth and regeneration of cells lining the digestive tract, aiding in the repair of damaged tissue.

Unlike antacids or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that aim to neutralize or reduce stomach acid, DGL works by enhancing the body's own protective factors. This distinction is important, as it suggests a different approach to managing conditions like acid reflux and peptic ulcers. Instead of suppressing acid, DGL aims to strengthen the mucosal barrier, making it more resilient to the acid that is naturally present.

DGL is often available in chewable tablet form. This delivery method is considered important because it allows the DGL to mix with saliva, creating a compound that can more effectively coat the esophageal and stomach lining, providing direct contact with the affected areas.

DGL for Acid Reflux: Benefits, Risks, and Other Options

One of the most common applications for DGL is in managing symptoms of acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). People turn to DGL often seeking a natural alternative or complementary approach to conventional treatments.

Potential Benefits for Acid Reflux

• Mucosal Protection: DGL is thought to stimulate the secretion of mucin, a key component of the protective mucus layer in the stomach and esophagus. This enhanced mucus barrier can help shield the sensitive lining from the corrosive effects of stomach acid.
• Cell Regeneration: Some research suggests DGL may promote the proliferation of intestinal cells, potentially aiding in the repair of damaged tissue in the esophagus and stomach caused by acid exposure.
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: While glycyrrhizin is the primary anti-inflammatory compound in whole licorice, other flavonoids in DGL may still contribute to a reduction in inflammation within the digestive tract, which can be a factor in acid reflux and heartburn.
• Sphincter Support (indirect): While DGL doesn't directly tighten the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), by reducing irritation and promoting healing, it might indirectly contribute to an environment where the LES functions more optimally, reducing reflux episodes.

Risks and Side Effects

Because DGL has had most of its glycyrrhizin removed, it generally carries a much lower risk of the severe side effects associated with whole licorice root, such as elevated blood pressure, hypokalemia, and fluid retention. However, no supplement is entirely without potential side effects.

• Mild Digestive Upset: Some individuals might experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or diarrhea, though this is uncommon.
• Allergic Reactions: As with any botanical product, allergic reactions are possible, though rare. Symptoms might include rash, itching, or swelling.
• Drug Interactions: While less likely than with whole licorice, it's always prudent to discuss DGL use with a healthcare provider, especially if you are taking other medications. There is limited research on DGL's interactions, but it's theoretically possible it could affect the absorption or metabolism of certain drugs.

Other Options for Acid Reflux

DGL is one of many approaches to managing acid reflux. Other options include:

• Lifestyle Modifications: Dietary changes (avoiding trigger foods like spicy foods, citrus, chocolate, caffeine, and fatty foods), eating smaller meals, not eating close to bedtime, elevating the head of the bed, and weight management can significantly reduce symptoms.
• Over-the-Counter Medications: Antacids (e.g., Tums, Rolaids) provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid. H2 blockers (e.g., Tagamet, Pepcid) reduce acid production.
• Prescription Medications: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole (Prilosec) and esomeprazole (Nexium) are powerful acid reducers often prescribed for more severe or persistent GERD.
• Herbal and Natural Remedies: Other remedies sometimes used for reflux include slippery elm, marshmallow root, chamomile, and ginger, though evidence for their effectiveness varies.

It's important to note that DGL is often considered a complementary therapy rather than a standalone cure for severe or chronic acid reflux. Consulting a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan is always recommended.

Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) Safety and Dosage

The safety profile of DGL is generally considered good due to the removal of glycyrrhizin. However, understanding appropriate dosage and potential interactions is still important.

Recommended Dosage

Dosage recommendations for DGL can vary depending on the specific product, the concentration of the extract, and the condition being addressed. However, common guidelines for adults typically suggest:

• For general digestive support or mild acid reflux: 300-400 mg of DGL extract taken 2-3 times daily, usually 15-20 minutes before meals.
• For more acute symptoms or peptic ulcers: Higher doses, such as 750-1500 mg, 3 times daily, may be recommended for a short period.

It is often advised to take DGL as a chewable tablet, as this allows it to mix with saliva and coat the mouth and esophagus, maximizing its local soothing and protective effects. If chewable tablets are not available, dissolving a powdered form in a small amount of water before swallowing may offer similar benefits.

Important Considerations for Dosage:

• Follow Product Instructions: Always adhere to the dosage instructions provided on the specific DGL supplement product you are using, as concentrations can vary.
• Consult a Healthcare Professional: Before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or are taking other medications, consult with a doctor or qualified healthcare practitioner. They can provide personalized advice and ensure DGL is appropriate for your individual situation.
• Duration of Use: While DGL is generally safe for longer-term use than whole licorice root, it's still prudent to periodically reassess its necessity with a healthcare provider.

Who Should Not Take Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice?

While DGL is significantly safer than whole licorice root, certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid it altogether:

• Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women: There is insufficient research on the safety of DGL during pregnancy and lactation. It's best to avoid use unless specifically advised by a healthcare professional.
• Individuals with Known Allergies: Anyone with a known allergy to licorice or plants in the legume family (Fabaceae) should avoid DGL.
• Children: DGL use in children should only be under the guidance of a pediatrician.
• Individuals on Certain Medications: Although DGL has minimal glycyrrhizin, theoretical interactions with certain medications cannot be entirely ruled out. This includes:

* Blood thinners (anticoagulants/antiplatelets): While the risk is low, some compounds in licorice might theoretically have mild antiplatelet effects.

* Corticosteroids: Although DGL is designed to remove the glycyrrhizin that interacts with cortisol, caution is still advised, especially with high doses.

Diuretics: Some components could* theoretically influence electrolyte balance, though less so than whole licorice.

* Medications for high blood pressure or heart conditions: Again, while the risk is low, it's best to consult a doctor.

The key takeaway is that while DGL is generally well-tolerated, informed use and professional guidance are always the safest approach.

Natural Factors DGL Chewable - Digestive Support and Other DGL Sources

DGL is available from various supplement manufacturers, often in chewable tablet form, which is widely considered the most effective delivery method for upper digestive issues. The "Natural Factors DGL Chewable" is one such popular product, often highlighted for its palatability and efficacy.

Common Forms and Sources of DGL Supplements:

• Chewable Tablets: These are the most recommended form, as chewing allows DGL to mix with saliva, creating a protective paste that coats the esophagus and stomach. Many brands offer flavored chewables (e.g., chocolate, anise) to mask the distinct licorice taste.
• Capsules/Tablets: While convenient, these may be less effective for conditions specifically affecting the esophagus, as the DGL may not have direct contact with the tissue until it reaches the stomach. However, they are still widely used for general stomach support.
• Powder: DGL powder can be mixed with water to create a liquid that can be gargled or slowly swallowed, potentially offering similar benefits to chewable tablets.
• Liquid Extracts: Some brands offer liquid DGL extracts, which can also provide direct contact with the digestive lining.

What to Look for in a DGL Supplement:

When choosing a DGL supplement, consider the following:

• Glycyrrhizin Content: Ensure the product explicitly states it is "deglycyrrhizinated" and ideally specifies that the glycyrrhizin content is less than 1% (or similar low percentage).
• Form: For acid reflux or esophageal irritation, chewable tablets or a dissolvable powder are generally preferred.
• Dosage per Serving: Check the amount of DGL extract per tablet/capsule to ensure it aligns with recommended dosages.
• Additional Ingredients: Some DGL products may be combined with other digestive aids like aloe vera, slippery elm, or marshmallow root. While these can be beneficial, be aware of what you're taking.
• Reputable Manufacturer: Choose products from well-known brands that adhere to good manufacturing practices (GMP) and conduct third-party testing for purity and potency.
• Flavoring/Sweeteners: If choosing chewable forms, be mindful of artificial sweeteners or other additives if you have sensitivities.

Licorice - Uses, Side Effects, and More: A Comparison with DGL

To fully appreciate DGL, it's helpful to understand how it differs from whole licorice root. While they originate from the same plant, their chemical composition and therapeutic applications diverge significantly due to the removal of glycyrrhizin.

Other Uses of Whole Licorice Root:

Beyond its digestive applications, whole licorice root has been traditionally used for:

• Adrenal Support: Due to glycyrrhizin's effects on cortisol metabolism, it has been used to support adrenal function in some contexts, though this requires careful medical supervision.
• Respiratory Health: As an expectorant and demulcent, it's been used for coughs, sore throats, and bronchitis.
• Antiviral and Antimicrobial Properties: Glycyrrhizin and other compounds in licorice have shown in vitro activity against various viruses and bacteria.
• Skin Conditions: Topically, it has been used for soothing irritated skin.

It is crucial to differentiate between whole licorice root and DGL. Anyone considering using whole licorice root or products containing significant amounts of glycyrrhizin should do so only under the strict guidance of a healthcare professional due to its potent physiological effects. DGL, by contrast, offers a targeted approach to digestive health with a much safer profile.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who should not take deglycyrrhizinated licorice?

While DGL is generally considered safe, individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding, children, and those with a known allergy to licorice should avoid it. Although the glycyrrhizin is removed, it is always wise for anyone with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking prescription medications to consult a healthcare professional before starting DGL, to rule out any potential, albeit rare, interactions or contraindications.

What does deglycyrrhizinated licorice do for you?

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice primarily supports digestive health. It is believed to work by stimulating the natural defense mechanisms of the stomach and esophagus. Specifically, DGL may encourage the production of protective mucus, which forms a barrier against stomach acid, and promote the regeneration of cells lining the digestive tract. It is most commonly used to alleviate symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and to support the healing of peptic ulcers.

What is the difference between licorice root and deglycyrrhizinated licorice?

The main difference lies in the presence of glycyrrhizin. Licorice root, in its whole form, contains high levels of glycyrrhizin, a compound responsible for its distinct sweet taste and some therapeutic effects, but also for significant side effects like elevated blood pressure, low potassium, and fluid retention when consumed in large amounts or over time. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) has had almost all of its glycyrrhizin removed (typically to less than 1%), thus eliminating these problematic side effects while retaining other beneficial compounds that support gastrointestinal health. This makes DGL a much safer option for long-term or regular use for digestive complaints.

Conclusion

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract (DGL) stands out as a modified botanical supplement specifically tailored for digestive health, offering the potential benefits of licorice without the significant risks associated with its primary active compound, glycyrrhizin. By focusing on strengthening the body's natural defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract, DGL provides an alternative or complementary approach for individuals seeking relief from conditions like acid reflux and peptic ulcers. While generally well-tolerated and available in various forms, particularly chewable tablets for optimal effect, it remains prudent to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating DGL into your regimen, especially if you have existing health conditions or are on other medications. Understanding its unique properties and distinguishing it from whole licorice root is key to its safe and effective use.